#Bird

Launching into the air from resting and floating on the river, the pelican gains altitude before diving down to attempt to catch fish in its pouch, which can hold up to three gallons of water and fish (roughly two to three times the amount their stomach can actually hold). As it climbs, it sheds water from its water-resistant feathers. The extra space in its pouch helps it efficiently scoop up fish while diving, allowing it to store and filter the water before swallowing its catch.

Adult brown pelicans can reach about 4 feet in length and have a wingspan of approximately 7 feet.

Brown pelicans have highly water-resistant feathers that help keep them dry while diving into the water. Their feathers are coated with natural oils, which also make them less buoyant, helping them dive smoothly and swiftly.

They spend a lot of time preening their feathers to maintain their waterproofing. They have a specialized gland near their tail that secretes oils used for coating their feathers to keep them clean and dry.

As they grow their plumage becomes increasingly darker from white and brown as juveniles to a mix of dark brow, gray, and white. They also have striking golden-brown feathers on their heads during the breeding season.

The feathers on their wings and tail are strong and stiff, providing the necessary lift and stability for their soaring flight. Their long, broad wings help them glide effortlessly over the water for long distances in search of food.

The beaches within the park provide critical nesting habitats for these birds as well as sea turtles and other shorebirds like the threatened least tern.

Learn more at The Guana River State Park's official website.

Lightweight Yet Strong

Despite its size, the toucan’s beak is surprisingly lightweight. Made primarily of keratin—the same material as human hair and nails—it’s structured with a foam-like interior that consists of a network of tiny air pockets. This design provides strength while keeping the beak light enough for the bird to carry and use with ease. This clever adaptation allows the toucan to maintain balance and agility while navigating the forest canopy.

A Tool for Eating and More

The beak’s primary function is feeding, and it is perfectly suited for the toucan’s frugivorous diet. Its length enables the bird to reach fruits on branches that might otherwise be inaccessible. The sharp edges of the beak can peel fruit, while its dexterity allows the toucan to pick up and toss food into its mouth with precision.

Thermoregulation: Toucans regulate their body temperature through their beaks. The large surface area and extensive network of blood vessels allow heat to dissipate when it’s warm, keeping the bird cool in tropical climates.

Social Interactions: The bright colors of the beak play a role in communication and mating. A vibrant, well-maintained beak can signal health and vitality to potential mates.

Defense: While not a primary weapon, the beak can be used to deter predators or rivals, making it a valuable asset for survival.

The Role of Color

The vibrant hues of a toucan’s beak are not just for show—they serve important functions. The colors can help the bird blend into its environment by mimicking the bright fruits and flowers of the tropical forest, providing camouflage. Additionally, the colorful beak acts as a visual signal during social interactions, such as courtship displays or territorial disputes.

Learn More at Seki, Y., & Meyers, M. A. (2008). "Toucan beak: Structure and mechanical response."