Captured in the Colonial Quarter of St. Augustine, Florida, the nation's oldest city, this image depicts a historical reenactment of women's lives during the colonial era.

The often overlooked lives of women during these times shaped early colonial society through care, resilience, and unrecorded labor.

Women in 18th-century St. Augustine managed households that doubled as inns, marketplaces, and informal clinics.

They raised children under shifting flags, from Spanish to British and back again, navigating new languages, laws, and expectations with every change in rule.

Many kept small farms, tended animals, and preserved family lineages during times when their husbands were away fighting, trading, or lost to war.

Clothing as Language

In this article's image, the linen chemise and bonnet signal modesty and function, while the straw hat and vibrant overdress suggest European influence and social adaptability.

Clothing was both practical and political, a way to assert identity, status, and even resistance.

In a city that housed enslaved Africans, free Black tradespeople, Spanish settlers, British officers, and indigenous allies, women’s dress served as a visual shorthand for loyalty, class, religion, and occupation.

Less Visible but Essential

Though few left written records, colonial women played a central role in shaping life in St. Augustine. They taught language and tradition across generations, brokered peace within households, and carried memory forward.

Enslaved and indigenous women, in particular, preserved foodways, healing practices, and oral histories that helped entire communities survive.

Women during this period were the threads in the city's complex colonial fabric.

Learn more at the Colonial Quarter of St. Augustine's official site.

A landscape in motion, it's sculpted by the constant dance of wind, water, and time. Walk the same trail twice and you might not find your footprints again.

Sculpted by Wind

The Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve sits at the meeting point of opposing wind patterns, thus shaping it's hills through wind-driven (aeolian) processes. (The term comes from Aeolus, the Greek god of wind.)

Southwesterly winds dominate by day, lifting sand grains off the San Luis Valley floor and pushing them toward the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.

At night, cool mountain air flows back down the slopes, reversing the current. This push and pull causes sand to pile up, then spill, avalanche, and migrate.

The result is the tallest sand dunes in North America, reaching heights of over 750 feet.

With the help of modern sensors and satellite imagery, scientists have mapped the movement of the dunes over time. Entire formations have slowly crawled across the valley like liquid hills.

Sculpted by Water

It’s not just wind. Water plays a hidden but vital role, too.

At the base of the dunes lies Medano Creek. The flow of this shallow creek pulses in waves, a rare phenomenon called "surge flow" caused by the unique sandy bed. This seasonal stream acts like a sculptor’s tool, flattening, eroding, and rebuilding the edges of the dunes with every surge.

Underneath it all lies a vast aquifer system, keeping the sand moist at certain depths and creating a kind of invisible glue that stabilizes the tallest dunes. Without that water table, scientists believe the dunes would collapse under their own weight or simply drift away.

Checkout the National Park Service's Great Sand Dunes page to learn more, and please consider donating to the NPS to protect and preserve this natural wonder.

Climbing combines intensity, presence, and purpose. When climbing, you're fully immersed physically, mentally, and emotionally. The brain interprets this complex stimulation as meaningful, which can provide deep satisfaction.

Unlike many forms of exercise, climbing requires problem-solving and risk management, which heightens engagement and rewards your brain even further.

Every climb floods your system with the following cocktail of neurotransmitters that boost mood, focus, and connection.

Dopamine: The Reward

Dopamine is released when we anticipate and accomplish a goal, such as sending a tough route or reaching the summit. It fuels motivation, creates a sense of pleasure, and drives climbers to keep pushing past their limits. Each successful hold or completed climb gives a rewarding dopamine hit that reinforces the behavior.

Adrenaline: The Rush

Climbers often encounter fear and risk, which triggers a surge of adrenaline. This fight-or-flight hormone heightens your senses, increases energy, and sharpens focus. It's what makes your heart race as you hang 30 feet up and makes you feel so alive.

Endorphins: The Painkiller

Rock climbing is physically demanding and occasionally painful. Endorphins are the brain’s natural opioids. They are released during sustained exertion and discomfort, helping reduce pain and induce a euphoric feeling often referred to as the “climber’s high.”

Serotonin: The Mood Stabilizer

Climbing outdoors, especially on real rock, boosts serotonin levels. Serotonin is linked to sunlight exposure, aerobic activity, and mood stability. The combination of nature, movement, and challenge improves well-being and combats anxiety and depression.

Oxytocin: The Bonder

Whether you're climbing indoors or outside, the sport involves trust, as when your partner is belaying (responsible for your rope), spotting, or cheering you on, these interactions release oxytocin, the social bonding hormone, which fosters emotional closeness and community.

Once a century-old abandoned limestone quarry, it is now a thriving and biodiverse sanctuary. Through guided restoration, it shows how natural systems can be revived and sustained.

Vast systems of underground limestone and dolostone in the Florida Aquifer, one of the most productive in the world, span multiple states and supply freshwater to millions of people, including the garden. Water rises naturally through the limestone and feeds a network of ponds and waterfalls. These water levels respond to rainfall from miles away, creating a dynamic, self-sustaining cycle.

The landscape is defined by towering southern live oaks, some estimated to be 300 to 700 years old. These trees can draw up to 50 gallons of water per day and play a crucial role in maintaining soil stability and groundwater regulation. Cleverly hidden pumps also help recirculate water through irrigation lines and fountains, reinforcing the natural flow while maintaining beauty.

This consistent supply of clean, oxygen-rich water has allowed local biodiversity to flourish. The gardens are home to more than 40 bird species, along with turtles, fish, frogs, snakes, lizards, deer, bobcats, foxes, and a variety of pollinators. The fact that amphibians, which are highly sensitive to environmental toxins, are thriving here is a strong indicator of water quality and ecosystem health. Hundreds of bats occupy four dedicated bat houses, offering natural pest control while supporting Florida’s declining bat populations.

Cedar Lakes has extended its conservation efforts beyond the core garden area. The surrounding 64 acres of woodland were donated to Conservation Florida to support habitat preservation and wildlife corridor connectivity. Plans are underway for a Conservation Education Center that will teach visitors about Florida’s aquifers, native species, and the science of ecological restoration.

Community members and visitors contribute directly to conservation efforts through citizen science. By using apps like eBird or Merlin Bird ID, they can report wildlife sightings and environmental changes. These observations help track species presence and offer insight into seasonal water fluctuations and habitat trends.

More than a beautiful place to explore, Cedar Lakes Woods and Gardens is a living classroom that demonstrates how ecological knowledge, careful stewardship, and public involvement can restore damaged land into a healthy, sustainable ecosystem.

Please consider checking out their official site or donating to support them.

What You Can Do

77% of Americans care about farm animal welfare, and 67% say they would pay more for products that meet humane standards. Sharing statistics about mortality rates and overcrowding can further raise awareness and pressure producers to improve practices.

Labels like Certified Humane® and RSPCA-assured Are recognized as highly meaningful by organizations like Consumer Reports and represent real change, even if still limited in availability.

The Certified Humane® label, managed by Humane Farm Animal Care, ensures turkeys are raised under strict welfare guidelines: unrestricted access to nutritious food and fresh water, protection from harsh weather, enough space to flap wings, roost, and perform natural behaviors, and a proper lighting cycle to reflect day and night rhythms.

Audits are conducted by independent experts to enforce these standards on farms in North America and beyond. Only a handful of U.S. producers, such as White Oak Pastures, Ayrshire Farm, and Koch’s Turkey, meet the whole-bird requirements for Certified Humane® turkeys.

RSPCA’s welfare criteria, based on the "Five Freedoms," set best-in-class benchmarks across all life stages, from poults to transport to slaughter. These include requirements for stocking density, bedding, lighting, ventilation, and humane handling. While their label is more common in the U.K. and Australia, its principles inform humane-certification programs worldwide.

Consumers have the power to shift demand and influence supply chains by choosing turkey that meets humane certification standards. You can further support turkey welfare by reducing how much you consume or opting for plant-based alternatives. Even small changes in your purchasing habits can help move the industry away from factory-farmed conditions and toward more ethical, transparent systems.

Learn more from my sources at Certified Humane®, RSPCA Welfare Standards, Animal Welfare Institute, Vox, and the Humane Society of the U.S.

Launching into the air from resting and floating on the river, to launching into the air, the pelicans gain altitude before diving down in an attempt to catch fish in their pouch, which can hold up to three gallons of water and fish (roughly two to three times the amount their stomach can actually hold). The extra space in its pouch helps it efficiently scoop up fish while diving, allowing it to store and filter the water before swallowing its catch. As they climbs, they sheds water from their water-resistant feathers.

Brown pelicans have highly water-resistant feathers that help keep them dry while diving into the water. Their feathers are coated with natural oils, which also make them less buoyant, helping them dive smoothly and swiftly.

They spend a lot of time preening their feathers to maintain their waterproofing. They have a specialized gland near their tail that secretes oils used for coating their feathers to keep them clean and dry.

As they grow their plumage becomes increasingly darker from white and brown as juveniles to a mix of dark brow, gray, and white. They also have striking golden-brown feathers on their heads during the breeding season.

The feathers on their wings and tail are strong and stiff, providing the necessary lift and stability for their soaring flight. Their long, broad wings help them glide effortlessly over the water for long distances in search of food.

The beaches within the park provide critical nesting habitats for these birds as well as sea turtles and other shorebirds like the threatened least tern.

Learn more at The Guana River State Park's official website, where this photograph was taken.

These formations are part of the Anastasia Formation, dating back to the Late Pleistocene Epoch, when powerful coastal forces shaped this region’s geology.

The coquina at Washington Oaks formed in a high-energy beach environment, where constant wave action broke down shells and compacted them into a porous, durable stone.

Though relatively soft when first formed, coquina hardens over time, which is why the outcroppings along the park’s shoreline have resisted erosion and remain exposed today.

These weathered formations create shallow tidal pools that support crabs, sea snails, and small marine life.

Because large coquina outcroppings are rare on Florida’s Atlantic coast, the beach at Washington Oaks is both geologically significant and visually dramatic. It's a protected area, so visitors are asked not to disturb or collect the rock.

Learn more at the Florida State Parks website.

The "Hands Off!" protests, initiated on April 5, 2025, represented a significant nationwide mobilization against policies enacted by President Donald Trump and his administration. Organized by a coalition of over 150 groups, the movement drew millions of Americans across over 1,400 locations nationwide, spanning all 50 states.

Left's Arguments

• Mass Layoffs and Agency Closures: Under Musk's and the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), approximately 216,000 federal jobs were terminated across major departments. Raising concerns about the dismantling of essential public services. ​(Business Insider)
• Conflicts of Interest and Private Enterprises: House Democrats initiated an investigation into potential conflicts of interest involving Musk and NASA. Concerns centered on Musk's dual role within the federal government and his business ties through SpaceX, which secured over $15 billion in NASA funding. (Axios)
• Use of AI for Surveillance: DOGE employed AI to monitor federal agencies for sentiments perceived as hostile to the administration's policies. (Reuters)

Right's Arguments

• Efficiency and Cost Savings: Musk's initiatives aimed to eliminate wasteful government spending. DOGE claimed to have achieved significant budgetary savings by terminating over 16,000 grants and contracts (Business Insider)
• Government Modernization: The administration posited that restructuring efforts were designed to modernize government operations, making them more efficient and responsive. Musk emphasized the need to "weed out corruption" and implement systems to enforce accountability. (Dallas Weekly)

Assessment

While the administration's objectives centered on efficiency and modernization, the methods employed (large-scale layoffs, potential conflicts of interest, and surveillance practices) raised concerns about transparency, democratic integrity, and the equitable distribution of power. 

The evidence suggests that the protesters' apprehensions regarding the consolidation of influence among wealthy individuals and the potential undermining of democratic institutions were well-founded. 

Therefore, the arguments presented by the protesters appear to be more substantiated when considering the available data.​ (GeoPolicalEconomy, Brookings, FedScoop, Time, NPR, PBS)